In 2024, researchers at Poltava State Medical University (PSMU) conducted studies as part of the research project “The Contribution of microRNA Complex Expression to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Periodontitis: Development and Evaluation of Targeted Treatment Methods.” These efforts focused on optimizing treatments for oral cavity, dental and periodontal diseases (PD).

The innovative approach of PSMU scientists reflects the cutting edge of scientific progress. This is underscored by the awarding of the prestigious 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to American scientists Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. Their groundbreaking discovery of microRNA and its critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation has ushered in a new era of research.

At the PSMU Research Institute of Genetic and Immunological Foundations of Pathology Development and Pharmacogenetics, studies are underway to explore the role of microRNAs in treating periodontitis. The project aims to use plant-derived drugs to modulate microRNAs, reducing the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in active inflammation. By 2014, 2,588 mature microRNAs had been identified in humans, but only about 40 have been studied in the context of PD.

Moreover, microRNA sources include various cells surrounding the tooth, such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Many plant extracts with antioxidant properties also influence microRNA, potentially mitigating tissue destruction in PD. These plant extracts are common in human diets, making them suitable for long-term use without side effects. This compatibility aligns well with managing chronic or lifelong diseases, potentially integrating such treatments into a lifestyle approach.

In 2024, PSMU researchers published four articles based on their findings, two of which appeared in international journals.